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1.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e220111, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521586

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the content of the main messages of the world food guides, identifying the approach regarding the food processing level. Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted through documentary research based on analyzing the main messages of 96 consumption guides selected from the database provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The unit of analysis consisted of segments of the main messages whose content was scrutinized using the document analysis technique. Recommendations that referred to food processing were identified after repeated readings. Data were extracted according to the developed protocol, including terms used, consumption guidance, scope of approach, and complementary information (definition, justification, exemplification, and advice on the recommended consumption amount). Results: We identified 21 Food Guides (21.88%) with recommendations related to the food processing level in their main messages, primarily published after 2012 (76.19%). The analyzed guides used terms "highly processed", "ultra-processed", "processed", "minimally processed", and "non-processed". Guidelines regarding limiting consumption were primarily used by the guides, and few specified the related food. The messages did not define the terms used. When identified, the justifications were of a nutritional or health nature. Conclusion: We observed a lack of agreement and standardization concerning the terms used, the guidelines for consumption, and the scope of the identified recommendations, with little or no additional information to explain or justify the approach adopted regarding the food processing level.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conteúdo das mensagens principais dos guias alimentares mundiais identificando a abordagem quanto ao nível de processamento dos alimentos. Métodos: Estudo exploratório qualitativo, realizado por meio de pesquisa documental, com base na análise das mensagens principais de 96 guias alimentares selecionadas no banco de dados disponibilizado pela Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A unidade de análise consistiu em segmentos das mensagens principais cujo conteúdo foi analisado através da técnica de análise documental. Após repetidas leituras foram identificadas as recomendações que faziam referência ao processamento dos alimentos. Os dados foram extraídos segundo protocolo desenvolvido, contemplando: termos utilizados; orientação de consumo; abrangência da abordagem; presença de informações complementares (definição; justificativa; exemplificação; e orientação sobre quantidade recomendada de consumo). Resultados: Constatou-se que 21 guias alimentares (21,88%) faziam recomendações relacionadas ao nível de processamento do alimento em suas mensagens principais, a maioria (76,19%) publicado após 2012. Os guias analisados utilizaram os termos: altamente processado, ultraprocessado, processado, minimamente processado e não processado. Orientações referentes à limitação de consumo foram as mais utilizadas pelos guias e poucos especificavam o alimento relacionado. As mensagens não apresentavam definição para os termos utilizados. Quando presentes, as justificativas eram de cunho nutricional ou de saúde. Conclusão: Foi observada falta de consenso e padronização no que se refere aos termos utilizados, às orientações de consumo e à abrangência das recomendações apresentadas, além de pouca ou nenhuma informação complementar capaz de explicar ou justificar a abordagem realizada em relação ao nível de processamento dos alimentos.


Subject(s)
Recommended Dietary Allowances , Food Handling , Research
2.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 23: e20220131, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431252

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: this review aimed to evaluate the adequacy of school menus regarding the nutritional requirements of the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) in Brazilian public schools regarding the presence of macronutrients and micronutrients and allocation of resources to purchase products from family farming. Methods: a systematic literature review was carried out using the SciELO, Bireme and Lilacs databases to select the articles. The inclusion criteria were articles that presented data on the adequacy of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and purchases of products from family farming during the PNAE regiment, as well as quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive studies carried out in the Brazilian territory. Review, editorials, letters, case studies, duplicates and those that did not assess the requirements of the PNAE were excluded. Results: at the end, 12 studies were included that showed overestimation and underestimation of nutritional adequacy in the school environment. In relation to purchases of inputs from family farming, it was observed that most of the Brazilian municipalities evaluated fulfilled the requirements for the allocation of resources. Conclusion: school menus need more supervision so that they meet the adjustments proposed by the PNAE. In addition, it is essential to promote a healthy diet that contains all the nutrients necessary to provide nutritional support for child growth and development.


Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a adequação dos cardápios escolares quanto às exigências nutricionais do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em escolas públicas brasileiras considerando quanto a adequação de macronutrientes e micronutrientes e destinação de recursos para compras de produtos advindos da agricultura familiar. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando as bases de dados SciELO, Bireme e Lilacs para seleção dos artigos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: Artigos que apresentaram dados sobre a adequação de energia, macronutrientes, micronutrientes e compras de produtos oriundos da agricultura familiar durante o regimento do PNAE, assim como estudos quantitativos, transversais e descritivos realizados no território brasileiro. Foram excluídos artigos de revisão, editoriais, cartas ao editor, estudos de caso, artigos em duplicatas e que não avaliaram as exigências do PNAE. Resultados: ao final, foram incluídos12 estudos que apontaram superestimação e subestimação nas adequações nutricionais no ambiente escolar. Em relação às compras de insumo provenientes da agricultura familiar, observou-se que a maioria dos municípios brasileiros avaliados cumpriam as exigências de destinação dos recursos. Conclusões: os cardápios escolares necessitam de maior fiscalização para que atendam as adequações propostas pelo PNAE. Além disso, é primordial promover uma alimentação saudável que contenha todos os nutrientes necessários para fornecer um aporte nutricional para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , School Health Services , School Feeding , Nutrition Programs , Child Nutrition , Recommended Dietary Allowances , National Health Programs , Brazil , Agriculture , Diet, Healthy
3.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 23: e20230172, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | BVSAM, LILACS | ID: biblio-1529385

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of complementary feeding indicators and investigate its determinants. Methods: cross-sectional study with 12-month-old children from Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. The indicators minimum diet diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimally acceptable diet were constructed and adapted to the current recommendations of the food guide for Brazilian children under two years of age. Poisson regression analysis was used, with hierarchical entry of variables in the multivariate model. Results: the prevalence of minimum diet diversity was 38.8%, minimum meal frequency 47.9% and minimally acceptable diet 18.5%. Family income greater than one minimum wage was associated with minimal diet diversity (PR= 1.49; CI95%= 1.39-2.26); receiving guidance on complementary feeding was associated with a minimum meal frequency (PR= 1.37; CI95%= 1.05-1.78); and children who received exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months had significantly higher prevalences of all indicators compared to those who did not. Conclusions: low prevalence of complementary feeding indicators was observed. The variables family income, receiving guidance on complementary feeding and offering exclusive breastfeeding for six months were associated with the highest prevalence of the studied indicators.


Resumo Objetivos: estimar as prevalências de indicadores da alimentação complementar e investigar seus determinantes. Métodos: estudo transversal com crianças aos 12 meses de idade do município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Os indicadores diversidade mínima da dieta, frequência mínima de refeição e dieta minimamente aceitável foram construídos e adaptados às atuais recomendações do Guia alimentar para crianças brasileiras menores de dois anos. Utilizou-se análise de regressão de Poisson, com entrada hierarquizada das variáveis no modelo multivariado. Resultados: a prevalência de diversidade mínima da dieta foi de 38,8%, de frequência mínima de refeição 47,9% e de dieta minimamente aceitável 18,5%. A renda familiar maior que um saláriomínimo foi associada a diversidade mínima da dieta (RP= 1,49; IC95%= 1,39-2,26); o recebimento de orientações sobre alimentação complementar associou-se a frequência mínima de refeição (RP=1,37; IC95%= 1,05-1,78); e as crianças que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo até 6 meses apresentaram prevalências significativamente maiores de todos os indicadores comparadas às que não receberam. Conclusões: foram observadas baixas prevalências dos indicadores da alimentação complementar. As variáveis renda familiar, recebimento de orientações sobre alimentação complementar e a oferta de aleitamento materno exclusivo por seis meses foram associadas as maiores prevalências dos indicadores estudados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Breast Feeding , Nutrition Assessment , Health Status Indicators , Infant Nutrition , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Infant Food , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 29: e2022_0167, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394838

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skiing is a sport that demands the high performance of motor coordination with high energy consumption, factors that strongly influence muscle fatigue. Athletes who experience this phenomenon tend to present a decline in performance, generating psychological irritability and impairment in concentration. Diet is closely related to athletic performance, but the proper prescription for skiing athletes still lacks studies. Objective: To explore the methods of recovery from sports fatigue in skiers by providing up-to-date perspectives for effective nutritional intervention during the recovery stage. Methods: Seven young male skiers were selected as research subjects, and caloric intake, among other conditions, was recorded in detail. After three weeks, indices of body weight, body fat rate, serum metabolism, cardiopulmonary capacity, and energy metabolism, among other relevant information, were duly recorded and compared. Results: The intervention did not significantly impact lean body mass indices (p>0.05). The athletes' body weight decreased significantly, and the body fat rate decreased significantly after the nutritional intervention; The analyzed biomarkers were positively impacted, except the urea nitrogen concentration that showed a tendency to increase after the nutritional intervention, an effect that may be linked to the proportional increase of protein intake. Conclusion: The proposed nutritional intervention positively impacted the skiers' energy metabolism, directly impacting the athletes' recovery from sports fatigue. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


RESUMO Introdução: O esqui é um esporte que exige alto desempenho de coordenação motora com um elevado consumo de energia, fatores que influenciam fortemente a fadiga muscular. Atletas que experienciam esse fenômeno, tendem a apresentar um declínio no nível do desempenho, gerando irritabilidade psicológica e prejuízos na concentração. A dieta está intimamente relacionada ao desempenho atlético, porém a receita adequada para os atletas em esqui ainda carece de estudos. Objetivo: Explorar os métodos de recuperação da fadiga esportiva nos esquiadores fornecendo perspectivas atualizadas para uma intervenção nutricional eficaz durante a etapa de recuperação. Métodos: Sete jovens esquiadores do sexo masculino foram selecionados como sujeitos da pesquisa, e a ingestão calórica, entre outras condições foram detalhadamente registradas. Após três semanas, índices de peso corporal, taxa de gordura corporal, metabolismo sérico, capacidade cardiopulmonar, metabolismo energético, entre outras informações relevantes foram devidamente registradas e comparadas. Resultados: A intervenção não impactou significativamente nos índices de massa magra corporal (p>0,05). O peso corporal dos atletas diminuiu significativamente e a taxa de gordura corporal diminuiu significativamente após a intervenção nutricional; os biomarcadores analisados foram positivamente impactados, a exceção da concentração de nitrogênio ureico que apresentou tendência de alta após a intervenção nutricional, efeito que pode estar atrelado ao aumento proporcional da ingesta proteica. Conclusão: A proposta de intervenção nutricional apresentou impactos positivos no metabolismo energético dos esquiadores, impactando diretamente na recuperação da fadiga esportiva dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.


RESUMEN Introducción: El esquí es un deporte que exige un alto rendimiento de coordinación motora con un elevado consumo de energía, factores que influyen fuertemente en la fatiga muscular. Los deportistas que experimentan este fenómeno, tienden a presentar un descenso en el nivel de rendimiento, generando irritabilidad psicológica y daños en la concentración. La dieta está estrechamente relacionada con el rendimiento deportivo, pero la prescripción adecuada para los atletas de esquí aún carece de estudios. Objetivo: Explorar los métodos de recuperación de la fatiga deportiva en los esquiadores proporcionando perspectivas actualizadas para una intervención nutricional eficaz durante la etapa de recuperación. Métodos: Se seleccionaron siete jóvenes esquiadores varones como sujetos de investigación, y se registró detalladamente la ingesta calórica, entre otras condiciones. Al cabo de tres semanas, se registraron y compararon debidamente los índices de peso corporal, el índice de grasa corporal, el metabolismo sérico, la capacidad cardiopulmonar y el metabolismo energético, entre otros datos relevantes. Resultados: La intervención no tuvo un impacto significativo en los índices de masa corporal magra (p>0,05). El peso corporal de los atletas disminuyó significativamente y el índice de grasa corporal disminuyó significativamente después de la intervención nutricional. Los biomarcadores analizados tuvieron un impacto positivo, con la excepción de la concentración de nitrógeno ureico que mostró una tendencia a aumentar después de la intervención nutricional, efecto que puede estar relacionado con el aumento proporcional de la ingesta de proteínas. Conclusión: La propuesta de intervención nutricional presentó impactos positivos en el metabolismo energético de los esquiadores, impactando directamente en la recuperación de la fatiga deportiva de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Skiing/physiology , Muscle Fatigue/physiology , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Athletic Performance/physiology , Recommended Dietary Allowances
5.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(1): 1-10, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356319

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The lower frequency of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors observed in vegetarians compared to omnivores may be due to more appropriate nutrient intake according to recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objective To compare the dietary adequacy according to the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in apparently healthy vegetarian (VEG) and omnivorous (OMN) men. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted with apparently healthy men (44 omnivorous and 44 vegetarians, ≥ 35 years), who were assessed for daily food consumption, anthropometric data, physical exercise status, and clinical data. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the association between the type of diet and the dietary adequacy. Significant values were considered for p<0.05. Results Several clinical CV risk markers were significantly lower in VEG when compared to OMN: body mass index (BMI) (23.1 vs. 27.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (119.5 vs. 129.2 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (75.7 vs. 83.9 mmHg). VEG presented significant lower values of blood lipids and glucose. No significant difference was observed in caloric intake; however, VEG consumed significantly more carbohydrates, dietary fibers, and polyunsaturated fats. VEG presented an adequate consumption of dietary cholesterol and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, regardless of caloric intake and age. Conclusion VEG were more likely to consume saturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and fibers according to the recommendations of NCEP, factors that may contribute to lower levels of CV risk markers than OMN.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diet, Vegetarian , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Assessment , Eating , Fatty Acids , Life Style
6.
S. Afr. j. clin. nutr. (Online) ; 35(3): 108-114, 2022. tables, figures
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1398069

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to assess the objective understanding of five front-of-pack label formats, namely the Reference Intake, Multiple Traffic Light label, Nutri-Score, health endorsement logo and warning label, among consumers in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Design: This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Setting: Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted at 12 randomly selected food retail outlets in an urban setting.Subjects: A total of 359 adult participants were included in this study. Outcome measures: Objective understanding was measured by asking participants to rank food products according to their nutritional quality, using the displayed front-of-pack label. Results: The type of front-of-pack label significantly influenced ranking ability (p < 0.00001). All the evaluative front-of-pack labels significantly improved the participants' ability to identify healthier food products compared with the no-label control. The reductive Reference Intake, however, showed no significant impact on consumer understanding. Conclusion: Evaluative front-of-pack labels significantly improved the participants' ability to identify healthier food products, when compared with the Reference Intake and no-label control. Future research should test the objective understanding of culturally diverse groups in South Africa, particularly among rural populations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Organizational Objectives , Traffic , Disaster Warning , Comprehension , Recommended Dietary Allowances
7.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 340-345, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935290

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the knowledge, attitude and behavior of salt reduction in adults of Beijing in 2017. Methods: Based on the monitoring data of chronic diseases and corresponding risk factors in adults of Beijing in 2017, the indicators of salt reduction knowledge, attitude and behavior of 13 240 participants aged 18-79 years old were analyzed. The awareness rate, attitude support rate and behavior rate were calculated by complex weighting method, and compared among different age groups, genders, residential areas, and history of hypertension. The proportion of people taking various salt reduction measures to the total number of people was compared. Results: The awareness rate of recommended daily salt intake, the awareness of hypertension caused or aggravated by more salt intake, the attitude support rate and behavior rate of adults were 31.77%, 88.56%, 90.27% and 53.86%, respectively. After weighted adjustment, the awareness rate of recommended daily salt intake was 31.08%, which increased with age (χ2trend=431.56, P<0.001) and education level (χ2trend=95.44, P<0.001). The awareness rate of women was higher than that of men (χ²=118.89, P<0.001), and the awareness rate of population in urban areas was higher than that of population in suburban areas (χ²=34.09, P=0.001). The awareness rate of hypertension caused or aggravated by eating more salt was 86.73%. The support rate of salt reduction attitude was 90.45%. The rate of salt-reducing behavior was 54.05%. Among different salt reduction measures, reducing salt when cooking was the most common measure (52.41%), while the least common one (35.22%) was using low sodium salt. Logistic regression model analysis showed that the gender, age, education level, self-reported history of hypertension, awareness of salt recommendation, awareness of hypertension caused or aggravated by eating more salt, and salt reduction attitude were significantly associated with salt reduction behavior. Conclusion: In 2017, adults in Beijing have a basic understanding of the impact of high-salt diet on health and support salt reduction, but the rate of salt reduction behavior is still relatively low. There are obvious gender and age differences, and the salt reduction measure is simple. Targeted measures should be taken to promote the formation of salt reduction behavior.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Beijing , Diet, Sodium-Restricted , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hypertension/prevention & control , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Sodium Chloride, Dietary
8.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359126

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess protein intake, protein distribution across meals, and a possible association between protein distribution and muscle mass in older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 47 older adults attending a community center in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to characterize the population. Dietary intake data were collected using two 24-hour dietary recalls on nonconsecutive days. Anthropometric measures, such as weight, height, and body circumferences, and measures of handgrip strength were collected. Skeletal muscle mass was calculated from the anthropometric measures. Descriptive statistics were used to derive means and standard deviations. Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were performed, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results:The older adults, mostly Caucasian, female, physically active, at risk of malnutrition, and with a low level of education, had an energy intake of 1,305.28 kcal/day. Protein intake was 65.19 g/day, with a mean of 0.93 g/kg/day. Lunch was the meal with the highest protein intake (33.85 ± 2.47 g). The lowest protein intake was observed at breakfast (8.56 ± 0.82 g). All meals were below the recommendation of 40 g of protein/meal. Protein intake at breakfast was associated with calf circumference (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The older adults consumed a low amount of total and per-meal protein. Breakfast showed the lowest protein intake, and this was associated with calf circumference in the study sample.


Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo proteico, sua distribuição nas principais refeições e sua possível associação com a massa muscular de idosos. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com 47 idosos frequentadores de um centro de convivência em Campo Grande (MS). Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e dois recordatórios de 24 horas, em dias alternados, para a avaliação do consumo alimentar, e realizou-se avaliação antropométrica por meio da aferição de medidas como peso, estatura, circunferências corporais e a força de pressão palmar. Com as medidas antropométricas, foi calculada a quantidade de massa muscular esquelética. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e, para as análises de associação, aplicaram-se os testes de variância (ANOVA) e de Tukey, com significância estatística quando p < 0,05. Resultados: Os idosos, majoritariamente caucasianos, do sexo feminino, fisicamente ativos, em risco de desnutrição e com escolaridade reduzida apresentaram consumo energético de 1.305,28 kcal/dia e consumo proteico 65,19 g/dia, sendo 0,93 g de proteína/kg/dia. O almoço foi a refeição com maior aporte proteico (33,85 ± 2,47 g). O menor consumo proteico foi observado no café da manhã (8,56 ± 0,82 g). Todas as refeições ficaram abaixo da recomendação de 40 g de proteína/refeição. O consumo proteico no café da manhã associou-se à circunferência da panturrilha (p = 0.04). Conclusões: Os idosos consumiram baixa quantidade de proteínas totais e nas principais refeições. O café da manhã foi a refeição com menor aporte proteico e este associou-se à circunferência da panturrilha em idosos da amostra.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Muscle Strength , Sarcopenia/diagnosis , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sociodemographic Factors
9.
HU rev ; 48: 1-8, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377791

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A análise da ingestão alimentar de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento dialítico é eficaz para fornecer informações a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico nutricional e nortear as condutas dietéticas necessárias. Objetivo: Analisar a adequação do consumo alimentar de acordo com as recomendações publicadas pelo Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) para macro e micronutrientes, além de avaliar a capacidade antioxidante total da dieta (CATd), de portadores de DRC. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 60 voluntários portadores de DRC em tratamento hemodialítico de um Hospital Universitário de Juiz de Fora ­ MG. A caracterização da amostra foi feita no período de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, através da aplicação de um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA) e de coleta de dados pessoais, clínicos e comorbidades. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o software SPSS, versão 20.0. As variáveis numéricas foram apresentadas na forma de média (± desvio-padrão), mediana, mínimo e máximo, enquanto as categóricas em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Observou-se que 43% e 55% dos pacientes apresentaram um consumo calórico e proteico acima do preconizado pela KDOQI, respectivamente. Para os micronutrientes, foi observado que 77% dos pacientes apresentaram consumo de cálcio abaixo do recomendado e de fósforo 65% maior do que a recomendação atual. Percebeu-se que 67% e 40% dos pacientes apresentaram adequado consumo de sódio e potássio. O perfil lipídico da dieta dos pacientes, demonstrou uma desproporção da razão ômega 6/ômega 3, além de um CATd de 4,05 mmol/dia. Conclusão: Através do presente estudo podemos concluir que o consumo alimentar dos pacientes em hemodiálise avaliados apresenta algumas inadequações em relação às recomendações propostas pela literatura.


Introduction: The analysis of food intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis is effective to provide information to assist in nutritional diagnosis and guide the necessary dietary behaviors. Objective: To analyze the adequacy of food consumption according to the recommendations published by the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) for macro and micronutrients, in addition to evaluating the total antioxidant capacity of the diet (CATd) of patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 60 volunteers with CKD undergoing hemodialysis treatment at a University Hospital in Juiz de Fora ­ MG. The characterization of the sample was carried out from June 2019 to February 2020, through the application of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QQFA) and the collection of personal, clinical and comorbid data. Statistical analyzes were conducted using SPSS software, version 20.0. Numerical variables were presented as mean (± standard deviation), median, minimum and maximum, while categorical variables in absolute and relative frequency. Results: It was observed that 43% and 55% of the patients had a caloric and protein consumption above that recommended by the KDOQI, respectively. For micronutrients, it was observed that 77% of the patients had calcium intake below the recommended level and phosphorus consumption 65% higher than the current recommendation. It was noticed that 67% and 40% of the patients had adequate consumption of sodium and potassium. The lipid profile of the patients' diet showed a disproportion of the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, in addition to a CATd of 4.05 mmol/day. Conclusion: Through the present study we can conclude that the food consumption of the evaluated hemodialysis patients presents some inadequacies in relation to the recommendations proposed by the literature


Subject(s)
Renal Dialysis , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Dialysis , Diet , Eating , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Food , Kidney Diseases
10.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(4): 587-594, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365918

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar el efecto genotóxico de la tartrazina en linfocitos de sangre periférica de Mus musculus BALB/c. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio experimental, a través de cinco grupos, con cinco ratones en cada uno. Se les registró el peso durante 17 semanas y, en la semana 15 se les administró suero fisiológico (control negativo), dicromato de potasio 25 mg/kg de peso corporal (pc) (control positivo) y tartrazina a dosis de 0,75 mg/kg pc, 7,5 mg/kg pc y 75 mg/kg pc, durante siete días, a excepción del control positivo que fue en dosis única. Luego, cada 24 h se obtuvo una muestra de sangre periférica de la cola y se realizó el frotis, secado y coloración. Posteriormente, se realizó el conteo de 1000 linfocitos por muestra de cada ratón, en todos los tratamientos. Resultados. Los tres tratamientos con tartrazina no causaron diferencias significativas en el peso de ratones a la semana 15, pero sí produjeron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de linfocitos micronucleados, siendo el tratamiento con tartrazina de 75 mg/kg pc el de mayor efecto genotóxico, induciendo un promedio de 1,63 ± 0,08 linfocitos micronucleados, comparado con el control positivo que generó un promedio de 1,42 ± 0,08 linfocitos micronucleados. Conclusiones. La tartrazina produjo un efecto genotóxico, incrementando el número de linfocitos micronucleados, a dosis de 0,75; 7,5 y 75 mg/kg pc y no afecta el peso corporal durante siete días de administración en M. musculus BALB/c.


ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the genotoxic effect of tartrazine on peripheral blood lymphocytes of BALB/c Mus musculus. Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out using five groups, with five mice in each group. Their weight was registered for 17 weeks, and at week 15 they were administered physiological saline solution (negative control), potassium dichromate at 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) (positive control) and tartrazine at doses of 0.75 mg/kg bw, 7.5 mg/kg bw and 75 mg/kg bw, for seven days, with the exception of the positive control which was a single dose. Then, every 24 hours, a peripheral blood sample was obtained from the tail, which was then smeared, dried and stained. Subsequently, 1000 lymphocytes were counted for each sample from each mouse, for all treatment groups. Results. The three tartrazine treatments did not cause significant differences in the weight of mice at week 15, but did produce significant differences in the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes, with the 75 mg/kg bw tartrazine treatment having the greatest genotoxic effect, inducing an average of 1.63 ± 0.08 micronucleated lymphocytes, compared to the positive control which obtained an average of 1.42 ± 0.08 micronucleated lymphocytes. Conclusions. Tartrazine produced a genotoxic effect, increasing the number of micronucleated lymphocytes, at doses of 0.75; 7.5 and 75 mg/kg bw and did not affect body weight during seven days of administration to BALB/c M. musculus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Tartrazine , Lymphocytes , Genotoxicity , Mice , Micronucleus Tests , Toxicity Tests , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Food Additives , Mice, Inbred Strains
11.
Actual. nutr ; 22(2): 44-52, abr. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1417225

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Portulaca oleracea, conocida como verdolaga y considerada culturalmente una maleza, presenta múltiples propiedades benéficas que permiten emplearla como alimento debido a su fácil acceso y bajo costo. No se detectan muchos estudios sobre el tema. Objetivos: elaborar productos alimenticios empleando verdolaga como materia prima, con características organolépticas adecuadas; calcular su valor nutricional y determinar el porcentaje de ingesta diaria recomendada (IDR) que cubre; identificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la verdolaga y sus propiedades nutricionales; determinar las características organolépticas de los alimentos elaborados, el grado de aceptabilidad y satisfacción en la población en estudio. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y experimental (pre experimento), de corte transversal. Se elaboraron tres preparaciones con verdolaga: sopa (S), tortilla (T) y ensalada (E), y se sometieron a degustación. Resultados: el valor calórico de las preparaciones por porción fue: S: 24,2 kilocalorías (kcal)/200 g, T: 129,2 kcal/200 g, y E: 116,16 kcal/150 g. Los porcentajes de IDR que cubre una porción de cada alimento fueron: S: 1,21% kcal, 1,31% hidratos de carbono, 1,96% proteínas, 0,54% lípidos; T: 6,43% kcal, 3,48% hidratos de carbono, 9,54% proteínas, 11,81% lípidos, y E: 5,8% kcal, 5,06% hidratos de carbono, 4,28% proteínas y 8,6% lípidos. Estos valores se calcularon en base a los valores diarios de referencia de nutrientes (VDR) de declaración obligatoria que son: 2.000 kcal, 300 g de hidratos de carbono, 75 g de proteínas y 55 g de lípidos para un grupo de hombres y mujeres adultos de entre 18 y 60 años de edad. La muestra estuvo formada por 50 personas, de 42 años edad promedio, 58% femenino y 42% masculino, 40% con estudios secundarios, 34% universitarios (N=17), 18% terciarios (N=9) y 8% primarios. El 76% presentó un conocimiento bajo sobre la verdolaga y sus propiedades nutricionales. Las elaboraciones fueron satisfactorias para el 82% de los encuestados y aceptadas por el 90% Conclusiones: en base a las propiedades nutricionales que se sugieren y su alta versatilidad para incorporar en diversas recetas, la verdolaga se presenta como una excelente alternativa para la alimentación humana


Introduction: portulaca oleracea, known as purslane (verdolaga), culturally considered an undergrowth, has multiple beneficial properties allowing to be used as a food, due to its easy access and low cost. There are not many studies on the subject. Objectives: the objective of present work was to prepare food products using purslane as raw material, with adequate organoleptic characteristics. To calculate their nutritional value and to determine the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) percentage they cover. Also, to identify the level of knowledge that a certain population has about purslane and its nutritional properties, and to define the organoleptic characteristics of the foods elaborated, evaluating the degree of acceptability and satisfaction in the population under study. Materials and methods: the study was descriptive, nonexperimental and experimental (pre-experiment), cross-sectional. Three preparations with purslane were elaborated and subjected to tasting: soup (S), omelette (O) and salad (E). Results: tthe caloric value per serving of the preparations was S: 24.2 kcal/200 g; O: 129.2 Kcal/200 g, and E: 116.16 kcal/150 g. The percentages of RDA covered by a serving of each food were: S: 1.21% kcal, 1.31% carbohydrates, 1.96% proteins, 0.54% fats; T: 6.43% kcal, 3.48% carbohydrates, 9.54% proteins, 1.81% fats, and E: 5.8% kcal, 5.06% carbohydrates, 4.28% proteins and 8.6% fats. The values were calculated on referred to the recommended daily intake (RDI), which are: 2,000 kcal, 300 g carbohydrates, 75 g proteins y 55 g fats, defined to a group of adult women and men between 18 and 60 years old. The sample included 50 people with 42 years average age, 58% female and 42%male, 40% with secondary studies, 34% university (N=17), 18% tertiary (N=9) and 8% primary. 76% of the participants presented a low knowledge about purslane and its nutritional properties. The preparations were satisfactory for 82% of the participants and accepted by 90%. Conclusions: due to the suggested nutritional properties and its versatility for its incorporation in various recipes, purslane can be indicated as an excellent alternative for human consumption


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Portulaca , Recommended Dietary Allowances
12.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 57(1): 30-38, jan.-mar. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177699

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Pesquisar as recomendações nutricionais para pacientes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD). MÉTODO: Trata- se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, através de levantamento bibliográfico nas bases cientificas PubMed e Scielo, foram utilizadas as palavras chaves: Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne em combinação com os termos Nutrição, Nutrientes, Nutracêuticos, Vitaminas e Antioxidantes. Foi realizada a busca dos artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 102 artigos, dos quais após análise dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão, resultaram em 31 artigos referentes a 31,62% da amostra inicial que foram utilizados para a produção dessa revisão. CONCLUSÃO: O acompanhamento nutricional do paciente com DMD é fundamental, de forma a garantir a manutenção do estado nutricional, além de contribuir de forma significativa para a desaceleração dos sintomas da doença e melhora da qualidade de vida.


OBJECTIVE: To search for nutritional recommendations for patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). METHOD: It is an integrative review of the literature, through a bibliographic survey on the scientific bases PubMed and Scielo, the keywords used were Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in combination with the terms Nutrition, Nutrients, Nutraceuticals, Vitamins and Antioxidants. The search was based on articles published in the last 10 years. RESULTS: A total of 102 articles were selected, of which, after analyzing the exclusion and inclusion criteria, resulted in 32 articles referring to 32.64% of the initial sample that were used to produce this review. CONCLUSION: Nutritional monitoring of patients with DMD is essential, in order to guarantee the maintenance of nutritional status, in addition to contributing significantly to the deceleration of the symptoms of the disease and improving the quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diet therapy , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Nutritional Status , Antioxidants
13.
Rev. bras. promoç. saúde (Impr.) ; 34: https://periodicos.unifor.br/RBPS/article/view/11195, 17/02/2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1282546

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre as orientações nutricionais para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo realizado com 67 médicos e enfermeiros de 11 Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde da Regional II do município de Fortaleza, Ceará, entre dezembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Foram incluídos profissionais contratados, concursados ou participantes de programas de educação em serviço, aplicando-se um questionário fechado do tipo Likert, elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo 29 questões relacionadas às recomendações nutricionais das sociedades de referência em DM2 e HAS, e do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. A análise dos dados ocorreu de forma descritiva, utilizando frequências absolutas e relativas e teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: A concordância com as diretrizes nutricionais das sociedades de referência de DM2 e HAS pelos profissionais foi de 17,9% (n=12) para a proporção de carboidratos na dieta do paciente diabético; 22,4% (n=15) para o consumo de café e controle da pressão arterial; 34,3% (n=23) para o consumo de açúcar pelo diabético e 37,3% (n=25) para o consumo de leite e controle da pressão arterial. Em relação às orientações do guia alimentar, a totalidade (n=67) dos entrevistados concordou que os alimentos ultraprocessados devem ser evitados, e que deve haver regularidade e atenção no consumo das refeições. Conclusão: Os profissionais apresentaram conhecimento insuficiente a respeito das recomendações nutricionais estabelecidas pelas principais sociedades nacionais e internacionais de DM2 e HAS.


Objective: To analyze the knowledge of doctors and nurses from the Family Health Strategy on nutritional guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with 67 physicians and nurses from 11 Primary Health Care Units in Regional II in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, between December 2019 and January 2020. service, applying a closed Likert-type questionnaire, prepared by the researchers, containing 29 questions related to the nutritional recommendations of reference societies in DM2 and SAH, and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. Data analysis was descriptive, using absolute and relative frequencies and the chi-square test. Results: The agreement of the nutritional guidelines of the reference societies of DM2 and SAH by the professionals was 17.9% (n=12) for the proportion of carbohydrates in the diabetic patient's diet; 22.4% (n=15) for coffee consumption and blood pressure control; 34.3% (n=23) for the consumption of sugar by the diabetic and 37.3% (n=25) for the consumption of milk and blood pressure control. Regarding the guidelines of the Food Guide, all (n=67) of the interviewees agreed that ultra-processed foods should be avoided and that there should be regularity and attention in the consumption of meals. Conclusion: The professionals showed a lack of knowledge about the nutritional recommendations established by the main national and international societies of DM2 and SAH.


Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento de médicos y enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia sobre las orientaciones nutricionales de la Diabetes Mellitus del tipo 2 (DM2) y la Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica (HAS). Métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo realizado con 67 médicos y enfermeros de 11 Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud de la Regional II del municipio de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre diciembre de 2019 y enero de 2020. Se ha incluido los profesionales contratados, los concursantes o los participantes de programas de educación en servicio aplicándose un cuestionario cerrado del tipo Likert elaborado por los investigadores con 29 preguntas relacionadas con las recomendaciones nutricionales de las sociedades de referencia en DM2 y HAS, y del Guía Alimentario para la Población Brasileña. El análisis de los datos se dio de modo descriptivo utilizándose las frecuencias absolutas y relativas y la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: La concordancia con las directrices nutricionales de las sociedades de referencia de DM2 y HAS por los profesionales ha sido del 17,9% (n=12) para la proporción de carbohidratos de la dieta del paciente diabético; el 22,4% (n=15) para el consumo de café y el control de la presión arterial; el 34,3% (n=23) para el consumo de azúcar por el diabético y el 37,3% (n=25) para el consumo de la leche y el control de la presión arterial. Respecto las orientaciones de la guía alimentaria, la totalidad (n=67) de los entrevistados estuvo de acuerdo de que se debe evitar a los alimentos ultra procesados y tener regularidad y atención con el consumo de las comidas. Conclusión: Los profesionales presentaron conocimiento insuficiente respecto las recomendaciones nutricionales establecidas por las principales sociedades nacionales e internacionales de DM2 y HAS.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Diabetes Mellitus , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Hypertension
14.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 34: e200234, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288027

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Eating out in restaurants is a common family behavior, but it has been persistently associated with unbalanced nutrient intakes, contributing to create and reinforce unhealthy food habits among children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kids' meals from three common well-known restaurant chains in Portugal. Methods The nutritional composition (total fat, carbohydrates, protein, and sodium content) of the menus was analyzed bromatologicaly, and food portions were also examined. The assessment was carried out according to the European Food Safety Authority recommendations. Results Analyses of the menus from the two points of view revealed that the evaluations for macronutrients and food portions may return contradictory results. Protein, carbohydrates, and fats are compliant with the requirements for most of the meals. The analysis from the food portion perspective exceeds the requirements for the meat, fish, and eggs groups, as well as for fats and oils. Fruits, vegetables, and pulses are not present in the menus. Despite the balance associated with the macronutrients, the salt content exceeds the recommendations for most of the meals. Conclusions Popular fast-food chain restaurants have already adapted to comply with nutritional recommendations, whilst neglecting important recommended foods such as fruit, pulses, and vegetables. This study points not only to the need of investing in the improvement of the offerings, but also to the importance of fighting the tendency to reduce the perception of food quality to its nutritional content, leading consumers to believe that the meals offered are balanced when they are not.


RESUMO Objetivo Comer fora de casa tem se tornado um comportamento cada vez mais frequente entre as famílias, fato que tem sido persistentemente associado à ingestão desequilibrada de nutrientes e contribuído para reforçar hábitos alimentares infantis pouco saudáveis. Este estudo avaliou menus infantis de três redes de restaurantes bem conhecidas em Portugal. Métodos A composição nutricional (gordura total, carboidratos, proteína e sódio) dos cardápios foi analisada bromatologicamente, assim como as porções dos alimentos fornecidas. A avaliação foi realizada de acordo com as recomendações da Autoridade Europeia para a Segurança dos Alimentos. Resultados A análise dos cardápios, na perspetiva da composição em macronutrientes e das porções alimentares, apresentou resultados contraditórios. Os teores de proteínas, carboidratos e gorduras cumprem os requisitos na maioria das refeições. A análise das porções alimentares excede as recomendações para os grupos da carne, peixe e ovos, bem como para gorduras e óleos. No entanto, frutas, hortícolas e leguminosas não estão presentes nos menus. Apesar do equilíbrio associado aos macronutrientes, o teor de sal supera as recomendações na maioria das refeições. Conclusão As redes de fast-food mais populares já adaptaram a sua oferta às recomendações nutricionais. No entanto, verifica-se que negligenciaram algumas recomendações alimentares importantes, como incluir frutas, leguminosas e hortícolas nas refeições. Este estudo aponta para a necessidade de investir não só na melhoria da oferta, como também para a importância de combater a tendência crescente dos consumidores se focarem nos nutrientes e se esquecerem dos alimentos, o que os leva a acreditar que as refeições oferecidas são equilibradas, quando não o são.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child Nutrition , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Menu Planning , Nutritive Value , Restaurants/statistics & numerical data
15.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 34: e200120, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288030

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Was analyzed the contents of the main messages of food-based dietary guidelines to promote healthy eating, identifying nutritional, symbolic, and sustainable recommendations. Methods Food-based dietary guidelines from 90 different countries were analyzed. These guidelines were selected from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization database. For data extraction, all messages were exported to the Nvivo software and, after repeated readings, were grouped into predefined categories and corresponding dimensions based on the literature. The categories were created according to the mixed model, that is, they were created before data analysis was performed, but modified if necessary. Results Was identified 1,982 messages grouped into the following dimensions: nutritional (n=73.9%); sustainable (3.2%); symbolic (3.3%), and others (19.7%). All food-based dietary guidelines addressed nutritional aspects, and the most frequent recommendation was regarding the consumption of fats, followed by the consumption of salt and vegetables and fruits, cited by at least 75 food-based dietary guidelines. Less than half (n=40) of the food-based dietary guidelines addressed sustainable or symbolic aspects of food and 13 of the food-based dietary guidelines addressed both aspects. However, these messages represented only 6.5% of the total messages in the documents. Conclusions The recommendations for healthy eating in the food-based dietary guidelines are incipient in terms of sustainable and symbolic issues. Recommendations for adopting healthy diets need to consider the completeness of the food and its various combinations, dietary patterns, and the factors associated with their consumption, as well as the individual's relations with food, environment, and society.


RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o conteúdo das principais mensagens de guias alimentares para promoção de alimentação saudável, identificando recomendações nutricionais, simbólicas e sustentáveis. Métodos Foram analisadas as mensagens de 90 guias alimentares selecionados a partir do banco de dados da Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação. Para a extração dos dados, todas as mensagens foram exportadas para o software Nvivo e categorizadas em categorias pré-definidas em revisão narrativa, conforme as dimensões correspondentes e outras categorias emergentes. Resultados Categorizou-se um total de 1.982 mensagens, agrupadas nas dimensões: nutricional (n=73,9%); sustentável (3,2%); simbólica (3,3%) e outras (19,7%). Todos os guias abordavam aspectos nutricionais, sendo que a recomendação mais frequente foi em relação ao consumo de gordura, seguida do consumo de sal e vegetais e frutas, citadas por pelo menos 75 guias. Menos da metade dos guias (n=40) abordaram aspectos sustentáveis ou simbólicos da alimentação e 13 abordaram ambos; contudo, essas mensagens representaram 6,5% do total presente nos documentos. Conclusão As recomendações para alimentação saudável presentes nos guias alimentares são incipientes no que se refere a questões sustentáveis e simbólicas. Recomendações para a adoção de dietas saudáveis precisam considerar a integralidade do alimento, as diversas combinações, os padrões alimentares e os fatores associados ao seu consumo, bem como as relações do indivíduo com o alimento, com o ambiente e com a sociedade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Guide , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Diet, Healthy
17.
Actual. osteol ; 17(2): 69-77, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1370075

ABSTRACT

El calcio (Ca) es un nutriente crítico para la salud, especialmente en los períodos de crecimiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los individuos argentinos no alcanzan la ingesta diaria recomendada. Por su parte, el fósforo (P) es un nutriente cuya ingesta suele estar por encima de la recomendada. Este tipo de desequilibrio en la ingesta de ambos nutrientes conlleva a una pérdida de masa ósea. El consumo de bebidas analcohólicas (BA) se ha incrementado en los últimos años, sobre todo en la población infantil, desplazando el consumo de agua y lácteos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el aporte de Ca y P a partir de BA diferentes de agua. Se evaluaron 59 muestras, cuya mediana y rango de Ca fue de 7,74 [0,00 a 111,29] mg/l y de P 55,17 [0,16 a 957,00] mg/l. Los jugos en polvo son los que mayor contenido de Ca presentaron y las bebidas deportivas aquellas donde se halló el mayor contenido de P. Considerando un consumo de 500 ml/día de BA se estarían incorporando 3,87 mg Ca y 27,59 mg P. El creciente consumo de BA, su bajo contenido de Ca y la concomitante reducción del consumo de lácteos contribuyen a una inadecuada ingesta de Ca. (AU)


Calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient, especially during periods of growth. However, the majority of Argentine individuals do not reach the recommended daily intake. On the other hand, phosphorus (P) is a nutrient with an intake usually above the recommended values. This type of imbalance between the intake of the nutrients leads to loss of bone mass. Soft drinks consumption (BA) has increased in recent years, especially in children, displacing the consumption of water and dairy products. The aim of this work was to estimate the Ca and P content in BA other than water. 59 samples were evaluated, with a median and range of Ca of 7.74 [0.00 to 111.29] mg/l and of P of 55.17 [0.16 to 957.00] mg/l. Powdered juices are the ones with the highest Ca content, and sports drinks are the beverages in which the highest P content was found. Based on a BA consumption of 500 ml/day, 3.87 mg Ca and 27.59 mg P would be incorporated. Therefore, the increased consumption of BA, their low Ca content, and the concomitant reduction in dairy consumption contribute to an inadequate intake of Ca. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Phosphates/analysis , Carbonated Beverages/statistics & numerical data , Calcium/analysis , Juices , Argentina , Quality Control , Calcium, Dietary , Growth and Development , Recommended Dietary Allowances
18.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 80: e37087, dez. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, VETINDEX, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1358984

ABSTRACT

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) afeta cerca de 400 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. É de senso comum que esses indivíduos devem priorizar o consumo de alimentos minimamente processados e in natura. No entanto, o consumo racional de alimentos processados torna-se um desafio devido ao estilo de vida ocidental e a alta oferta desses produtos, incluindo aqueles específicos para pacientes diabéticos. Esse trabalho visa verificar a adequação dos rótulos de alimentos dietéticos industrializados. Avaliou-se rótulos de biscoitos, doces e pães destinados para diabéticos, disponíveis em supermercados, lojas de produtos naturais e lojas de suplementos alimentares. Além das informações nutricionais, foi avaliada a adequação da rotulagem segundo a Portaria nº 29, de 13 de janeiro de1998. Foram analisados 98 alimentos, sendo 57 doces, 27 biscoitos e 14 pães. Observamos que há uma grande inadequação desses produtos, bem como falta de informações acerca de importantes nutrientes. É necessária a adequação da rotulagem e a conferência de cada item, e os profissionais de saúde, principalmente os nutricionistas, devem estar atentos ao recomendar esses alimentos aos pacientes. (AU)


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects about 400 million people worldwide. It is common knowledge that diabetic individuals should prioritize the consumption of fresh foods or minimally processed foods. However, the rational consumption of processed foods becomes a challenge due to the western lifestyle and the high source of these products, including those specific for diabetic people. This manuscript aims to verify the label adequacy of processed dietary foods. We performed the evaluation of diabetic cookies, candy and bread labels available at supermarkets, health food stores and food supplement stores. The adequacy of the nutritional items, and the labeling was evaluated according the Brazilian current legislation. A total of 98 items were analyzed: 57 candies, 27 cookies and 14 breads. We observed that there was a great inadequacy of these products, as well as a lack of information about important nutrients. It is necessary to adapt the labeling and to perform the conference of each item, and the health professionals, especially the nutritionists, must pay close attention before recommending these foods to their patients. (AU)


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Industrialized Foods , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Food Handling
19.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 16(1): 61688, 2021. ^etab, ^eilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435013

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A introdução alimentar deve ser iniciada a partir do sexto mês de vida, como complemento ao leite materno, priorizando a escolha de alimentos regionais. Na abordagem tradicional, recomenda-se que os alimentos sejam ofertados em variedades e em consistência de purês e papas, as quais devem ser aumentadas gradualmente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar papas principais de misturas múltiplas (PPMM) com alimentos regionais direcionadas a crianças na introdução alimentar e comparar sua adequação com as recomendações saudáveis de ingestão de grupos alimentares e nutrientes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza experimental, quantitativa e descritiva, na qual foram elaboradas três diferentes formulações - à base de frango, à base de peixe, e à base de carne - com foco no público infantil na faixa etária de 6-8 meses de vida, que foram acondicionadas em recipientes, semelhantes aos produtos comerciais. Calculou-se o valor nutricional utilizando o Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos, e alternativamente, usando a Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO), com base nas recomendações de ingestão de nutrientes da National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos após análise pelo Guia, em kcal/porção, foram 129,94 (Carne), 148,85 (Frango) e 134,00 (Peixe); já os valores de densidade energética encontrados pela TACO, em kcal/g, foram 1,72 (carne); 4,01 (frango) e 2,06 (peixe). Cada recipiente (110 g) comportou menos de uma porção de PPMM, com exceção da preparação contendo frango. Conclusão: As preparações elaboradas encontraram-se nutricionalmente adequadas por ambos os métodos avaliados e contiveram todos os grupos alimentares recomendados.


Introduction: Food should be introduced starting from the 6th month of life as a complement to breast milk, prioritizing the choice of regional foods. In the traditional approach, it is recommended that foods be offered in varieties and consistency of purees and porridge, which should be gradually increased. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop multiple-mixture main porridges (MMMP) with regional foods being targeted at children for food introduction and to compare their suitability with healthy recommendations for the intake of food groups and nutrients. Methods: This is an experimental, quantitative and descriptive study in which three different formulations were developed: chicken-based, fish-based, and meat-based, with a focus on children aged 6-8 months of life. The MMMPs were packed in jars similar to commercial products. Nutritional value was calculated using the Food Guide for Children Under Two Years (Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos), and alternatively using the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos - TACO), based on the nutrient intake recommendations of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Results: The results obtained after analysis by the guide in kcal/portion were: 129.94 (beef), 148.85 (chicken), and 134.00 (fish). The energy density values found by TACO in kcal/g were: 1.72 (beef), 4.01 (chicken), and 2.06 (fish). Each jar (110 g) contained less than one portion of MMMP, with the exception of the preparation containing chicken. Conclusion: The preparations were found to be nutritionally adequate by both evaluated methods and contained all the recommended food groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Cultural Factors , Infant Nutrition , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Diet, Healthy , Infant Food , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
20.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 16(1): e55945, 2021. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1417432

ABSTRACT

Introdução: No decorrer do século XIX surgiram as primeiras informações a respeito das substâncias químicas contidas nos alimentos. A partir dessas descobertas, a higiene alimentar como meio terapêutico estabeleceu critérios para a prescrição de azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono), bem como recomendações alimentares nos diferentes ciclos de vida e estados de convalescença. Objetivos: Este trabalhou buscou analisar como e para que fins eram prescritos alguns alimentos cuja composição química era caracterizada pela presença do azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono). Método: Foram utilizados como fonte de pesquisa os cadernos de visitas (prontuários) de embarcações encontrados no Arquivo Histórico da Marinha Portuguesa, os tratados médicos do período e publicações referentes à história da ciência e nutrição. Resultados e discussão: Nos cadernos de visitas consultados (anos 1859 e1863), as refeições à base de alimentos de origem animal (ricos em azote), como os caldos de carne e de galinha, foram as mais prescritas aos doentes, pois se pautavam nos princípios da dieta fibrinosa, que promovia a reparação tecidual e crescimento da matéria orgânica. Considerações finais: Ao longo dos dois últimos séculos, muitas teorias a respeito da função dos alimentos se modificaram, mas parte significativa de seus pressupostos foram constituídos no decorrer do século XIX.


Introduction: During the 19th century, emerged the first information about the chemical substances contained in food. From these discoveries, food hygiene as a therapeutic mean established criteria for the prescription of nitrogen (nitrogen) and carbon (carbon), as well as dietary recommendations in the different life cycles and convalescent states. Objectives: This work sought to analyze how and for what purposes some foods whose chemical composition was characterized by the presence of nitrogen (nitrogen) and carbon (carbon)were prescribed . Methodology: The visiting notebooks (medical records) of vessels found in the Historical Archive of the Portuguese Navy, medical treaties of the period and publications referring to the history of science and nutrition were used as a research source. Results and discussion: In the consulted notebooks (years 1859 and 1863), meals based on animal foods (rich in nitrogen), such as meat and chicken broths, were the most prescribed to patients, as they were based on principles of the fibrinous diet, which promoted tissue repair and growth of organic matter. Final considerations: Over the past two centuries, many theories about the function of food have changed, but a significant part of their assumptions were made during the 19th century.


Subject(s)
Diet Therapy , Nutritional Sciences , Food/history , Food Hygiene , Recommended Dietary Allowances
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